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Known for it’s skin hydrating, regenerative and protective effects. Widely used since the 1950s, topical aloe vera has been shown to improve wound healing, sunburn and skin hydration, and prevent the onset of inflammatory skin conditions and scarring. (1)

ARE is one of the first senolytics studied in skincare.

It's Isolated from the Rhododendron Ferrugineum, which grows at high altitudes in Switzerland, and has “developed impressive strategies to protect itself” in its environment.

Cellular senescence refers to a cell aging and being unable to multiply/reproduce new healthy cells. It’s a natural part of aging, but can be triggered prematurely by DNA damaged caused by exposure to UV light and pollution. A build up of senescent cells increases inflammation which further
accelerates the ageing process. Senolytics act to reduce the formation of and reverse the build up of senescent cells in the skin.

Topical application of 2% alpine rose is shown to significantly reduce oxidative stress following sun exposure, reduce redness in 14 days, and increase skin elasticity by over 16% in 28 days. This ingredient is sustainably sourced, hand picked by local organic farmers in the Swiss Alps. (19)

Rich in vitamin A and E, argan conditions the skin and provides a protective layer to prevent moisture loss, and also works to balance oil production in the skin. (12)

Sustainably sourced from fallen branches of Totora trees in
New Zealand, this organic compound is 7 times more effective than vitamin E as an antioxidant and free radical scavenger. It is also a highly effective antibacterial and anti-inflammatory agent, including against antibiotic resistant bacteria, making it an excellent ingredient for reducing acne and enhancing wound healing, (18) specifically in tropical environments where bacteria run rampant.

Powerful antioxidant, anti-inflammatory (calming and soothing), and free radical scavenging support. The caffeine in cacao also stimulates microcirculation in the skin to help improve tone and detoxification, while cacao is also a natural mild exfoliant that helps to remove the build up of dead skin cells.
(6).

A bright orange flower with various bioactive properties, well-documented for it’s anti-inflammatory and soothing effect on the skin. (7) It gives the Winter cream its warm yellow hue.

A review of 392 studies on chamomile were evaluated, and 11 chosen to compare the effects of topical application of chamomile on various skin conditions, including sunburnt, grazed and various inflammatory skin conditions.
Within this evaluation, chamomile was shown to have comparative anti-inflammatory effects to corticosteroids in soothing eczema, and sunburn. (8)

A biologically active, natural compound isolated from
yeast, that has been tested in skincare since the 1990s for it's effect on “extremely sensitive skin, or skin that is exposed to extreme stress.”

Oxidative stress, of which UV exposure is a potent stimulator, has been linked with both immunosuppression and phytotoxic/photoallergic skin reactions.

According to F. Zulli & Co in his 1997 study - “Although there is little dispute that commercially available sunscreen filters inhibit the development of many UV-induced alterations (to the skin), like erythema (sunburn), they do not necessarily offer a complete protection against other biological effects of sunlight, such as immunosuppression. This may have serious consequences: consider the number of people who expose their skin to sunlight for extended periods of time in the
belief that high-SPF sunscreen products they apply will fully protect them. To compound this problem, the skin becomes even more susceptible to environmental hazards with advancing age, because of a general decline in the
body’s immune defence mechanisms.”

Pre-treatment with CM-Glucan Granulate has been shown to safely increase the skin’s self protecting capacity against UVA damage and UVA induced loss of firmness, as well as dehydration after skin stress/damage. Specifically, treating the skin for 5-14 days prior to sun exposure has been
demonstrated to protect fibroblasts and keratinocytes (involved in skin immune system function) from the depletion of antioxidant molecules, and protect skin fat cells from peroxidation.

CM-Glucan Granulate topical application also accelerates skin recovery and protects against skin dehydration after stress/damage, by inducing the body’s own defence mechanisms/healing processes.

Exposure of unprotected skin to UVA leads to fat cell damage, which can be shown by measuring the lipid peroxide concentrations in the skin. During a small clinical trial involving 10 people, skin that was pre-treated for 5 days with a formulation with 0.2% CM-Glucan, and then exposed to UVA, showed similar lipid peroxide concentrations to skin that had not been exposed to UVA, suggesting “an almost complete protection against UVA induced” lipid peroxidation.

Synergistic ingredients to support the actives in maintaining healthy skin in sun exposed conditions include the following (Red Raspberry Seed Oil, Macadamia Oil and Cucumber Oil).

A light, fast absorbing oil that is rich in various fatty acids and vitamins, and also traditionally has cooling properties. “Plant sterol in cucumber seed oil shows strong permeability of the skin, which promotes skin metabolism and inhibits skin inflammation”. Cucumber oil contains minerals like silica which help to strengthen the skin and hair by supporting collagen levels. It has also been shown to be an effective ingredient to improve the efficiency of sunscreen, due to it’s own UV absorptive properties. (17)"

A soothing oil, rich in vitamin E and Omega fatty acids, that
creates a barrier on the skin to improve moisture retention. The tannins cleanse and shrink pores, and remove bacteria. (14)

A fast absorbing oil with emollient (softening), rejuvenating and
mild UV protective properties, and a rich source of antioxidant vitamin E.

Phytosterols in macadamia oil soothe red and irritated skin, and a recent in vitro based study suggested that applying macadamia oil in concentrations as low as
1% can significantly improve the efficiency of sunscreen. (15)

A topical vitamin, and one of the best studied cosmeceutical
ingredients. It’s actually a synthetic derivative of the naturally occurring form of B3 (Niacin). Niacinamide is well tolerated and suitable for sensitive skin, delivering all of the benefits of Niacin, without the cutaneous flushing caused by topical application (Niacin flush). (1)

We love Niacinimide for its numerous well-documented skin health benefits, which is why it’s included in both the Summer and Winter products. Notably a higher percentage does not always make for a more effective product, and as such our concentration choices have been based on the ample clinical research available on B3.

Clinical tests have shown no irritation up to 5% in topical applications. (2) While 2% Niacinamide serum has been shown effective at reducing redness and inflammation caused by acne and other inflammatory skin conditions. Niacinamide is able to effectively balance skin oil production by reinforcing the skin barrier, and helping to reduce dehydration. (1) In a small study, 2% topical niacinamide outperformed vaseline for reducing skin dehydration. 2% niacinamide has been included in the Winter formula, where as our UV light exposure tends to be lower, and we’re exposed to other abrupt seasonal changes (colder temperature, dietary changes, dryness from weather and central heating increasing the skin’s sebum production and creating flaky skin more likely to harbour bacteria) its a prime time for acne and other inflammatory skin conditions to start playing up. (2)

Niacinamide is also an excellent ingredient for use on sun exposed skin with proven ability to improve hyperpigmentation at concentrations of 2% and above in 4-6 weeks, and to provide protection and repair support from structural damage caused by UV rays. (1) Niacinamide has various mechanisms of action, including functioning as an antioxidant and free radical scavenger, helping to block the formation of melanoma, and stimulating keratin production to maintain firm and healthy skin.(3)

We have included 3% in our Summer formula to account for greater potential sun exposure than in Winter.

A sustainably sourced and patented compound combining New Zealand Red Seaweed (NNRS) and Black Fern Meristem Cells (BFMC). Sulphated glycans found in NNRS share a similar structure to the humectant hyaluronic acid. They attract and retain moisture in the skin, as well as providing naturally occurring proteins, amino acids, peptides, minerals, vitamins and
essential elements that nourish the skin.

Polysaccharide gel, found in BFMC, form a 3D viscoelastic matrix over the skin, to provide enhanced delivery of active content, as well as an immediate lifting and tightening effect, with prolonged results with continued use. It’s proven benefits including improved hydration retention and reduction in wrinkle depth appearance are documented from 2% concentration, in as little as 14 days. (5)

Important side note - Humectants like B5, OceanDerMX and Hyaluronic acid, should always be applied with a water based moisturiser, to ensure that they
attract water from the environment into the skin, rather than drawing moisture out of the skin, and to the surface. Incorrect application can actually worsen skin dehydration.

Synergistic ingredients to support the actives in maintaining healthy skin in cold and dry conditions include Pumpkin Seed, Agran, Rosehip, Chamomile, Calendula, Cacao Seed and Hazelnut Seed.

A humectant - meaning it attracts moisture. It’s backed by studies in its use at 1% in topical formulas, for reducing skin water loss through evaporation by reinforcing the skin barrier, and increasing hydration by attracting moisture from the environment. (4) It works well with other humectants to improve long-term skin and hair hydration, soothe irritated and sensitive skin, and also improve hair shine and softness.

100% natural peptide derived from the seeds of Peas. Acts on
multiple layers of the skin. Demonstrated in clinical trials to improve skin elasticity
and firmness (face and body) by both stimulating the regeneration of elastin and collagen, and preventing its breakdown. Proteasyl also has anti-free radical properties, regulates skin hydration, and protects skin proteins against damage induced by proteases activated by exposure to environmental aggressors
(pollution, stress and UV). (9)

Pumpkin seeds have an impressive macro and micro nutrient composition, and have been used traditionally in Eastern medicine to treat a variety of health concerns. This edible oil is full of fatty acids, vitamins E and K, and magnesium, potassium and zinc, all of which nourish the skin when applied
topically, help to treat and prevent winkle formation, as well as acne and other inflammatory skin conditions, and leave hair smooth, soft and shiny. (11)

A highly stable oil that is resistant to heat oxidation, and therefore perfect for skin application in summer. It has been well studied within cosmetics for use for prevention of skin irritation, and for natural UV protection. It functions both as a chemical and physical UVA and UVB protector, with pure raspberry seed oil having potential broad spectrum SPF ranging
between 28-50. (16)

A 2015 study deemed pure rosehip oil an effective topical treatment for
improving the appearance of surgical scars. (10) Rosehip is rich in vitamin A, which is needed for the production of collagen, and prevention of it’s breakdown. (13)

We’ve blended rosehip and other soothing and restorative fruit and plant oils to provide a balanced skin treatment.

Sandalwood oil, extracted from the wood of the Santalum album tree, is renowned for its anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, and soothing properties.

Known for its exceptional moisturizing and healing properties, shea butter contains high levels of fatty acids. Shea butter is also rich in vitamins A and E, known for their antioxidant properties.

Vitamin E helps maintain the skin’s moisture balance and is known for its antioxidant properties.